2006-2007 Undergraduate Catalog

Table of Contents

Overview

Academic Information

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More Information

Biological Sciences

Chairperson: Dr. Richard V. Anderson
Office: Waggoner Hall 316
Telephone: 309/298-2408
Fax: 309/298-2270
E-Mail: R-Anderson1@wiu.edu
Faculty: A. Alton, T. Alton, Anderson, Barden-Gabbei, Bonnan, Edwards, Engel, French, Gessner, Holt, Jenkins, McCravy, Meagher, Meiers, Musser, Ribbens, M. Romano, S. Romano, Spier, Thomas, Vogel.
Adjunct Professors: Becker, Denaro, Hayes, Roncancio-Weemer, Rubnitz, Sparks, Ware, Wray, Xie.
Research Associates: Chen, Hum-Musser.

Biology is one of the most basic fields of science with direct application to humans. Our continued existence on the planet Earth depends in large part on how we resolve problems of a biological nature. Biology is a broadly based discipline encompassing a variety of concerns ranging from medicine to pond water. The biology program at WIU is designed to provide students with a broad exposure to the various areas of biology.

Majors are offered in Biology (with options in Botany, Microbiology, Zoology, and Science/Biology Teacher Certification) and Clinical Laboratory Science leading to a Bachelor of Science degree. Students may choose the Bachelor of Science in Biology for Pre-Dentistry, Pre-Medicine, Pre-Nursing, and Pre-Optometry; see Pre-Professional Programs. Minors are offered in Zoology, Botany, and Microbiology.

Training in biology prepares one for a broad spectrum of job opportunities, including teaching, governmental or industrial laboratories, conservation agencies, or business. In addition, students become qualified to pursue graduate studies in any of several concentrations within the biological sciences and the health professions.

Students planning to major in the biological sciences should have three years of mathematics and one year each of biology, physics, and chemistry in high school.

GradTrac is available to Botany, Microbiology, and Zoology majors. See more information about GradTrac.

Degree Programs

Bachelor of Science—Biology

All students seeking the Bachelor of Science in Biology must complete I, II, and III.A., III.B., III.C., or III.D. The minimum semester hour requirement for the baccalaureate degree is 120 s.h.

  1. University General Education and College of Arts and Sciences Curriculum Requirements: 55 s.h.
    Except teacher certification students must complete the University General Education Curriculum Requirements: 43 s.h.
  2. Core Courses: 14 s.h.
    Biol 102, 103, 330†, 340†
  3. Options of Study (select A, B, C, or D)
    1. Botany
      1. Special Courses: Bot 320, 410, 430†, 451†: 12 s.h.
      2. Directed Electives
        1. Botany Electives: 6 s.h.
        2. Zoology or Microbiology Elective: 3 s.h.
          (except Micr 402, 423; Zool 452)
      3. Departmental Electives: 3 s.h.
      4. Open Electives: 0–3 s.h.
        Any Minor: 16–20 s.h.
      5. Other
        1. Chemistry including organic or biochemistry: 12-13 s.h.
          Chem 101, 102, 221 or Chem 201, 202, 330 or 331
        2. Math 128 or equivalent (see adviser)* and one of: Math 133‡, Stat 171, or Psy 223 or equivalent (see adviser): 4-6 s.h.
          * Completion of Math 133 satisfies the mathematics requirement for this option.
        3. Physics or Geology (any sequence except Phys 100 or 150): 8-10 s.h.
        4. Foreign Languages—one year or equivalent of a language
          (2 years in high school—see adviser): 8 s.h.
    2. Microbiology
      1. Special Courses
        1. a. Micr 200, 451†: 6 s.h.
        2. b. Micr 400, 401, or 423: 3 s.h.
      2. Directed Electives
        1. Microbiology Electives: 9 s.h.
        2. Botany or Zoology Elective: 3 s.h.
          (except Bot 402, 423; Zool 460)
      3. Departmental Electives: 3 s.h.
      4. Open Electives: 0–3 s.h.
        Any Minor: 16–20 s.h.
      5. Other
        1. Chemistry including organic or biochemistry: 12–13 s.h.
          Chem 101, 102, 221 or Chem 201, 202, 330 or 331
        2. Math 128 or equivalent (see adviser)* and one of: Math 133‡,
          Stat 171, or Psy 223 or equivalent (see adviser):4–6 s.h.
          * Completion of Math 133 satisfies the mathematics requirement for this option.
        3. Physics or Geology (any sequence except Phys 100 or 150): 8–10 s.h.
        4. Foreign Languages—one year or equivalent of a language
          (2 years of high school—see adviser): 8 s.h.
    3. Zoology
      1. Special Courses: Zool 220, 320 or 321, 430†, 451†: 12 s.h.
      2. Directed Electives
        1. Zoology Electives: 9 s.h.
      3. Departmental Electives: 3 s.h.
      4. Open Electives: 0–3 s.h.
        Any Minor: 16–20 s.h.
      5. Other
        1. Chemistry including organic or biochemistry: 12–13 s.h.
          Chem 101, 102, 221 or Chem 201, 202, 330 or 331
        2. Math 128 or equivalent (see adviser)* and one of: Math 133‡,
          Stat 171, or Psy 223 or equivalent (see adviser): 4–6 s.h.
          * Completion of Math 133 satisfies the mathematics requirement for this option.
        3. Physics or Geology (any sequence except Phys 100 or 150): 8–10 s.h.
        4. Foreign Languages—one year or equivalent of a language
          (2 years of high school—see adviser): 8 s.h.
    4. Science/Biology-Teacher Certification
      1. Special Courses
        1. Biol 481, 482†; Bot 210; Zool 220 and 451H; Micr 200: 18 s.h.
        2. Bot or Zool 430H: 3 s.h.
        3. Chem 101/102 or 201/202; Chem 221 or 330 or 331: 12 or 13 s.h.
        4. Phys 101; Phys 114/115 or 124/125: 11 or 13 s.h.
        5. Geol 110: 4 s.h.
      2. Directed Electives
        1. Botany Elective (not including cross-listed courses): 3 s.h.
        2. Zoology Elective (not including cross-listed courses): 3 s.h.
      3. Other
        1. Educ 439: 3 s.h.
        2. EIS 201, 301, 302, 303 (2 s.h.), 401: 13 s.h.
        3. Math 131, or 133 and 183, or 128 and 129, or equivalent (see adviser): 5 or 6 s.h.
        4. C&I 403: 4 s.h.
        5. SpEd 310 and SpEd 390 or Psy 425 and SpEd 383: 4 s.h.
        6. STch 480: 16 s.h.

†Biol 330, Biol 340, Bot 430, and Bot 451 fulfill the Writing Instruction in the Discipline (WID) graduation requirement for the Botany option. Biol 330, Biol 340, and Micr 451 fulfill the WID graduation requirement for the Microbiology option. Biol 330, Biol 340, Zool 430, and Zool 451 fulfill the WID graduation requirement for the Zoology option. Biol 330, Biol 340, Biol 482, Bot/Zool 430, and Zool 451 fulfill the WID graduation requirement for the Science/Biology Teacher Certification option.

‡Students may be required to co-register in Math 183, Computer Algebra System Lab (1 s.h.). See your advisor.

Bachelor of Science—Clinical Laboratory Science

All students seeking the Bachelor of Science in Clinical Laboratory Science must complete I, II, III, IV, and V. The minimum semester hour requirement for the baccalaureate degree is 120 s.h.

  1. University General Education and College of Arts and Sciences Curriculum Requirements: 55 s.h.
  2. Core Courses: 17 s.h.
    Biol 102, 103; Micr 200, 434; Zool 430†
  3. Directed Electives
    From the following courses: 6 s.h.
    Biol 330†, 340†; Micr 400, 460, 463, 464
  4. Complete Internship at an Affiliated School of Medical Technology: 30 s.h.
  5. Other
    1. Chem 201, 202, 330, 421 or Chem 201, 202, 331, 332: 17 s.h.
    2. Physics (two semesters, except 100 or 150): 8-10 s.h.
    3. Math 128 or equivalent (see adviser): 3 s.h.

†Biol 330, Biol 340, and Zool 430 fulfill the Writing Instruction in the Discipline (WID) graduation requirement.

Minors

Minor in Botany: 17 s.h.

  1. Biol 102, 103: 8 s.h.
  2. Bot 210: 3 s.h.
  3. Biology or Botany Electives (except Bot 477): 6 s.h.

Note: Zoology or microbiology majors must have Bot 210 plus 9 s.h. of botany electives. These hours are in addition to any taken to satisfy the major.

Minor in Microbiology: 17 s.h.

  1. Biol 102, 103: 8 s.h.
  2. Micr 200: 3 s.h.
  3. Biology or Microbiology Electives (except Micr 477): 6 s.h.

Note: Zoology or botany majors must have Micr 200 plus 9 s.h. of microbiology electives. These hours are in addition to any taken to satisfy the major.

Minor in Zoology: 17 s.h.

  1. Biol 102, 103: 8 s.h.
  2. Zool 451: 3 s.h.
  3. Biology or Zoology Electives (except Zool 477): 6 s.h.

Note: Botany or microbiology majors must have Zool 451 plus 9 s.h. of zoology electives. These hours are in addition to any taken to satisfy the major.

Minor in Horticulture

See Interdisciplinary Studies Minors.

Pre-Professional Programs

Pre-professional programs in Dentistry, Medicine, Nursing, Optometry, and Physical Therapy are available. See Pre-Professional Programs for a detailed description of the requirements.

Departmental Honors

Students who complete the requirements for departmental honors in biological sciences will receive recognition on their official transcripts. To qualify for departmental honors, students must be accepted into the Illinois Centennial Honors College, complete all the requirements for a biology major with emphasis either in botany, microbiology, or zoology, satisfy requirements in the cognate areas, and complete the following requirements:

  1. 2 s.h. of research-oriented Honors Seminars (Biol 470H) taken as a junior;
  2. 3 s.h. of Honors Research (Bot/Micr/Zool 477H) under the supervision of a faculty adviser during the senior year;
  3. 3 s.h. of Honors Thesis (Biol 478), which involves writing a thesis under the direction of a research adviser based on research completed while enrolled in 477H. Satisfactory defense of the thesis before the adviser and departmental Honors Committee is required for credit;
  4. 6 s.h. of General Honors courses and 1 s.h. in G H 299 Honors Colloquium.
  5. An overall 3.50 cumulative grade point average as well as a 3.50 average in all honors courses at the time of graduation.

Proficiency Examinations

Students may take proficiency examinations in Biol 100, 101, 102, and 103. These examinations are prepared by the faculty of the department and may be taken during the first week of the semester provided arrangements have been made with Dr. K. McCravy, Waggoner Hall 372 (309/298-1546). Credit is given for the general biology course(s) for which a satisfactory examination score has been achieved, and the student may enroll in courses for which the course in question was a prerequisite. The department will grant credit for CEEB Advanced Placement Program with scores of 3, 4, or 5.

Alice L. Kibbe Life Science Station

The Department of Biological Sciences manages a field station for scientific and instructional use located 45 miles west of Macomb on the Mississippi River. The field station consists of three units, 415 acres owned by the University, 697 acres owned by The Nature Conservancy which serves as a wintering roosting area for Bald Eagles, and 587 acres owned by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources which is primarily river floodplain habitat and a designated nature preserve area. The field station facilities include the resident manager's house, two large storage buildings for boats and maintenance equipment, and a teaching/resident facility. From three to five field-oriented courses are offered each summer at the field station. For more information, contact Dr. Sean E. Jenkins, Field Station Director, Department of Biological Sciences, Waggoner Hall 215 (309/298-2045).

Course Descriptions

BIOLOGY (Biol)

Laboratories are required in all courses in the department except Biol 419, 454 and Zool 420. Students are expected to participate in all required course activities including field trips as specified by the instructor.

100 (formerly Biol 150) Biological Concepts. (4) (General Education/Natural Sciences) A laboratory course recommended for nonscience majors, relating reproduction, heredity, evolution, ecology, and behavior to human life and the problems of society. This general education curriculum course does not count toward a major or minor in biology. IAI: L1 900L.

101 (formerly Biol 151) Biological World. (4) (General Education/Natural Sciences) A laboratory course recommended for nonscience majors, dealing with the structure and function of the human body and with selected aspects of microbes, plants, and animals and how they affect humans. This general education curriculum course does not count toward a major or minor in biology.

102 Biological Diversity. (4) (General Education/Natural Sciences) A survey for science majors and minors of the features of all major groups of microbes, plants, and animals, with detailed study of the anatomy, physiology, and development of flowering plants and vertebrate animals. IAI: L1 902L; Bio 910; CLS 901.

103 Biological Principles. (4) (General Education/Natural Sciences) An introduction to biology for science majors and minors covering ecology, cells, cell metabolism, genetics, evolution, and behavior.IAI: L1 900L; Bio 910; CLS 902.

170 Introduction to Health Careers. (1) Career opportunities in the health professions will be discussed. Vertical and lateral mobilities and education requirements will be stressed.

204 Human Biology. (4) (General Education/Natural Science) This course will include topics on human evolution, behavior, ecology, physiology, genetics, sex determination, molecular genetics, mutations, and genetic engineering. Laboratory experiments include dissection of a preserved fetal pig and follow chicken egg development AND/OR the student will complete a "Virtual Physiology" laboratory on a CD-ROM. This course will not count toward a biology major.

330 Cell Biology. (3) Morphological and functional aspects of the cell. Course will emphasize current understanding of cell structure and how this relates to physiological and biochemical processes. Writing Instruction in the Discipline (WID) course.Prerequisites: Biol 102, 103; one year of chemistry; Eng 280.

340 Genetics. (3) Mendelian laws, genetic interaction, linkage and mapping, recombination, chromosomal aberrations, gene structure and function, extranuclear inheritance, population genetics. Writing Instruction in the Discipline (WID) course.Prerequisites: Biol 102, 103, 330; Eng 280.

419 Organic Evolution. (3) A detailed study of the mechanisms of evolution. Prerequisite: Biol 102, 103, 330, 340. Field trip may be required.

453 Streams Ecology. (3) Structure and function in lotic ecosystems is emphasized in this course. Physical, chemical, and biotic factors, used in stream classification will be examined. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103 and either an ecology course or permission of the instructor.

454 Mississippi River Ecology. (3) Students will be given an opportunity to study the structure and function of major abiotic and biotic components of a major river system. Emphasis will be placed on understanding how the components interact and are influenced by activities related to human interdiction. Prerequisite: one year of biology or permission of the instructor.

455 Mississippi River Ecology Laboratory. (1) Techniques used to study the large floodplain river ecosystem of the Mississippi River will be demonstrated and/or used by students to collect samples from its plant and animal communities. Prerequisite: Biol 454 or concurrent registration in Biol 454.

466 Biotechnology Laboratory. (3) A laboratory course devoted to the development of DNA manipulation techniques and fundamental theories used by the biotechnology industry to enhance or identify beneficial properties of commercially significant organisms. Model organisms such as bacteria and fungi will be used. Prerequisites: Micr 200, and one of the following: Biol 330 or Biol 340.

470 Seminar. (1, repeatable to 2) Seminar for senior biology majors.

478 Honors Thesis in Biological Sciences. (3) A thesis prepared under the direction of one or more faculty members. Satisfactory oral defense of thesis required before credit is given for the course. Prerequisites: Honors major in biology with senior standing; completion of Bot/Zool/Micr 477H.

495 Internship in Biology (1-12) Practical experience in the biological sciences with an approved employer. 40 contact hours per credit hour and a written report are required. Maximum of 3 credit hours may be applied to major or minor. Prerequisites: 60 s.h. and permission of the department chair. Graded S/U only.

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION

481 Biological Techniques. (3) A series of modules covering various biological techniques. Prerequisite: senior standing in biology education or permission of instructor.

482 (cross-listed with Chem 482 and Phys 482) Science in Context. (3) Interdisciplinary course designed for science majors pursuing secondary teacher certification. Students will explore science as inquiry, the unifying principles of science, and the role of social contexts and ethics in science. Writing Instruction in the Discipline (WID) course. Not open to students with credit in Chem 482 or Phys 482. Prerequisites: senior standing in Science/Biology-Teacher Certification option, or permission of instructor; Eng 280.

439 Methods of Teaching Secondary Science. (3) Study of secondary teaching methods (Grades 6-12) from the standpoints of theory and practice, curriculum objectives and standard implementation, materials, and evaluation and assessment. Included are demonstrations, discussions, lectures, classroom participation, and field observations. Prerequisites: major in Science/Biology-Teacher Certification option and Educ 301. Corequisite: EIS 303.

480 Student Teaching. See STch 480.

BOTANY (Bot)

210 Local Flora. (3) Identification, ecology, and distribution of common trees, shrubs, flowers, and other plants of Illinois.

320 Plant Anatomy. (3) Structure and development of vascular plant organs. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

329 Plant Structure & Function. (3) A study of plant structure and function including photosynthesis, photoperiodism, tropisms, water and mineral uptake and transport, and an understanding of the angiosperm life cycle. Closed to students who have taken Bot 320 or Bot 430. Prerequisite: Biol 103 or Biol 100 or Hort 180 or consent of instructor.

402 Field Mycology. (3) Identification, systematics, and ecology of macro-fungi. May not be taken by students who have completed Micr 402. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

410 Plant Systematics. (3) The basic systems, principles, and methods of plant systematics; the identification and classification of Illinois vascular plants. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

423 Phycology. (3) Morphology, taxonomy, physiology, genetics, and ecology of the algae, particularly freshwater forms. May not be taken by students who have completed Micr 423. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

430 Plant Physiology. (3) Physiological processes of plants as an interaction of structure, chemistry, physical characteristics, and environment. Writing Instruction in the Discipline (WID) course.Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; one year of chemistry; Eng 280.

451 Plant Ecology. (3) Relationships of plants to their environment; community ecology and the use of quantitative methods to determine distribution. Writing Instruction in the Discipline (WID) course.Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; Bot 210 or 410; Eng 280.

452 Freshwater Biology. (3) Common freshwater organisms and some of their relationships to one another, to their environment, and to people. May not be taken by students who have completed Zool 452. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

462 Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. (3) Diagnosis, development, cycles, and control of major diseases in forestry and horticulture. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

463 (cross-listed with Anth 463) Ethnobotany. (4) A survey of how indigenous people use and classify plants in comparison to modern, scientific principles of botany and plant chemistry, and the use of traditional knowledge by modern science. May require field work travel at student expense. Not open to students with credit in Anth 463. Prerequisites: Biol 100, 101, 102, or 103; Anth 110 or Soc 100; or permission of instructor.

476 Special Topics. (3–9, repeatable for different topics to 9) Proposed courses which are under consideration as regular courses. See instructor for course description. Only 6 s.h. may count toward major. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

477 Special Problems. (2–3, not repeatable) Individual botanical problems for senior botany students. This course will not count toward a minor in botany. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; arrange problem with a faculty member before registration.

481 Experimental Plant Biology. (3) A laboratory oriented course providing experience in designing, implementing, analyzing, and reporting botanically-oriented experiments. Field experiments, greenhouse experiments, and laboratory experiments will be conducted, spanning a range of investigations from plant physiology to community ecology. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

MICROBIOLOGY (Micr)

200 Introductory Microbiology. (3) An introduction to microorganisms with emphasis on the biology, methodology, and applied aspect of viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and slime molds. 2 hrs. lect.; 3 hrs. lab. IAI: CLS 905; Nur 905.

400 Bacteriology. (3) Cultural, morphologic, and metabolic properties and methods of isolation of bacteria as related to home and community life, industry, medicine, and agriculture. Prerequisites: one year of chemistry; Biol 102 and 103; Micr 200.

401 Mycology. (3) An introduction to the biology of the fungi emphasizing their morphology, ecology, physiology, and applied aspects, as well as laboratory techniques used in isolation, culture and identification. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; Micr 200 or permission of instructor.

402 Field Mycology. (3) Identification, systematics, and ecology of macro-fungi. May not be taken by students who have completed Bot 402. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

404 Biology of Archaea. (3) Genomics, cell structure, molecular phylogenetics, life in extreme environments, biogeography, central metabolism, sulfur metabolism, methanogenesis, genetic exchange, gene expression, growth and stress physiology, biotechnology. Prerequisites: Biol 330, 340; Micr 200.

405 Virology. (3) A study of the biological characteristics of animal, plant, and bacterial viruses and the viruses which cause disease. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; Micr 200.

423 Phycology. (3) Morphology, taxonomy, physiology, genetics, and ecology of the algae, particularly freshwater forms. May not be taken by students who have completed Bot 423. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

434 Immunology. (3) A study of antigens and antibodies, the immune response and immunity, immunologic testing, allergy and hypersensitivity, transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer immunology. Laboratory includes selected immunologic techniques. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; Micr 200; one year of chemistry.

451 Microbial Ecology. (3) Ecobiology of the major microbial groups and their role in processing carbonaceous and geochemical elements in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Writing Instruction in the Discipline (WID) course.Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; Micr 200; Eng 280.

460 Parasitology. (3) Ecology and evolutionary relationships of parasitic eukaryotes. Emphasis on parasites of humans. May not be taken by students who have completed Zool 460. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

463 Pathogenic Bacteriology. (3) The study of bacteria, rickettsia, mycoplasma, and chlamydia which cause disease in humans. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; Micr 200.

464 Medical Mycology. (3) The study of fungi which cause disease in humans. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

465 Microbial Fermentation Laboratory. (3) Laboratory exercises in microbial fermentation processes, from shake-flasks to scale-up in minifermentors, culture selection and maintenance, product analysis, and recovery. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; Micr 200 and 400 or 401 or equivalent or permission of instructor.

477 Special Problems. (2–3, not repeatable) Individual microbiological problems for senior microbiology students. This course will not count toward a minor in microbiology. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; arrange problem with faculty member before registration.

ZOOLOGY (Zool)

220 Invertebrate Zoology. (3) Structure, evolution, behavior, and economic importance of invertebrate forms. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

230 Human Anatomy and Physiology I. (4) An integrated study of the organ systems of the normal human body. Subjects covered include cells, tissues, skeletal, muscular, central, and autonomic nervous systems. Laboratory includes cat dissection and appropriate physiological experiments. Biol 103 is recommended. IAI: CLS 903; Nur 903.

231 Human Anatomy and Physiology II. (4) A continuation of Zool 230. The topics included are the endocrine, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, metabolic, urinary, and reproductive systems. Prerequisite: Zool 230. IAI: CLS 904; Nur 904.

320 Vertebrate Embryology. (3) Development of the vertebrate body and its organs. Provides a basis for understanding adult anatomy. Both lecture and laboratory are descriptive. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

321 Comparative Anatomy. (3) Anatomy of the vertebrates studied from the viewpoint of their evolutionary history. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; junior standing or consent of the instructor.

325 Vertebrate Evolution. (3) The evolutionary history of the vertebrates, emphasizing macroevolutionary trends in vertebrate diversity and skeletal functional morphology. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103 or Geol 112 or Anth 111.

328 Histology. (3) Microscopic study of tissues and organs of vertebrates. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

409 Bird Identification. (1) The identification and classification of Illinois birds. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103 or one year of college biology or permission of the instructor.

410 Ornithology. (3) Identification, biology, ecology, and life histories of birds. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103. Frequent field trips.

411 Entomology. (3) Principles of entomology, including classification, general biology, and morphology. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

412 Mammalogy. (3) Identification, classification, distribution, and life histories of mammals. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

413 Herpetology. (3) Identification, classification, distribution, and biology of reptiles and amphibians. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

414 Ichthyology. (3) Identification, classification, distribution, and life histories of fishes. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103. Estimate of field trip costs: $10.00. Outside field trips required.

416 Marine Mammalogy. (3) Survey of marine mammals with emphasis on taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, behavior, ecology, and conservation. Laboratory includes observational study of marine mammals at the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; senior standing in biology or a related major.

420 Biology of Aging. (3) Introduction to the nature and theories of aging. A study of the processes involved at the molecular, cellular, organ, and organismal levels of development and the changes that occur with time. Relationships between aging and immunity, neoplasia, and systems integration are explored. Emphasis on humans. Prerequisites: Biol 100 and 101 or Biol 102 and 103.

430 Animal Physiology. (3) Systemic physiology, concerning the functions of nervous, muscular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, reproductive, and endocrine systems. Writing Instruction in the Discipline (WID) course.Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; one year of chemistry; Eng 280.

432 Neurobiology. (3) Provides a quantitative understanding of neurophysiology in the context of neural systems that underlie animal behavior. Laboratory uses animal preparations and computer models. Prerequisites: Math 123 (or higher) with a grade of C or better, and either Biol 100 (or higher) or Psy 343 with a grade of C or better, and minimum of junior standing; or permission of instructor.

451 Animal Ecology. (3) Relationships of animals to their environment. Writing Instruction in the Discipline (WID) course.Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; Eng 280.

452 Freshwater Biology. (3) Common freshwater organisms and some of their relationships to one another, to their environment, and to man. May not be taken by students who have completed Bot 452. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

460 Parasitology. (3) Ecology and evolutionary relationships of parasitic eukaryotes. Emphasis on parasites of humans. May not be taken by students who have completed Micr 460. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

461 Pathophysiology. (3) Study of alterations in physiological mechanisms leading to disease. Includes etiology, pathogenesis, and manifestations of selected disease states. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; Registered Nurse, junior or senior standing in a baccalaureate nursing program, or consent of instructor.

476 Special Topics. (3–9, repeatable for different topics to 9) Proposed courses which are under consideration as regular course offerings. See instructor for course description. Only 6 s.h. may count toward major. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103.

477 Special Problems. (2–3, not repeatable) Individual zoological problems for senior zoology students. This course will not count toward a minor in zoology. Prerequisites: Biol 102 and 103; arrange problem with a faculty member before registration.

CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE (CLS): CLINICAL TOPICS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

Hospital-based lecture and clinical laboratory courses in an accredited and affiliated school of medical technology. Students will register for 15 s.h. for fall semester and 15 s.h. for spring semester. Total hours may not exceed 30 s.h.

490 Clinical Chemistry I. (1–6, repeatable to maximum) Theory and practice of analytical biochemistry as applied to pathologic states, methodology, and instrumentation. Statistics as applied to reagent preparation, result determination, and quality control. Prerequisite: acceptance for clinical education into an affiliated school of medical technology.

491 Clinical Chemistry II. (1–6, repeatable to maximum) Theory and practice of analytical biochemistry as applied to specialized tests for drugs, endocrine function, and urine and body fluid analysis. Prerequisite: acceptance for clinical education into an affiliated school of medical technology.

492 Clinical Microbiology I. (1–6, repeatable to maximum) Theory and practice of the isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria in clinical specimens through cultures, morphology, biochemical, and serological reactions and their drug susceptibility. Prerequisite: acceptance for clinical education into an affiliated school of medical technology.

493 Clinical Microbiology II. (1–6, repeatable to maximum) Theory and practice of the isolation and identification of fungi, parasites, and viruses utilizing morphological, cultural, biochemical, and serological methods. Prerequisite: acceptance for clinical education into an affiliated school of medical technology.

494 Clinical Immunology. (1–5, repeatable to maximum) The study of principles of the protective and adverse aspects of cellular and humoral responses. Performance of test procedures based on antigen-antibody reactions. Prerequisite: acceptance for clinical education into an affiliated school of medical technology.

495 Clinical Homeostasis. (1–4, repeatable to maximum) The study of platelets, vascular, coagulation, and fibrinolytic systems related to the disease state and therapeutic monitoring. Prerequisite: acceptance for clinical education into an affiliated school of medical technology.

496 Clinical Hematology. (1–6, repeatable to maximum) The study of the formed elements of the blood and basic morphological changes due to diseases. Prerequisite: acceptance for clinical education into an affiliated school of medical technology.

497 Clinical Immunohematology. (1–5, repeatable to maximum) Theory and practice of immunohematology, including blood groups, blood transfusion, and component preparation. Prerequisite: acceptance for clinical education into an affiliated school of medical technology.

499 Selected Topics. (1–4, repeatable to maximum) Selected topics of professional significance which may include management, pathology, medico-legal aspects, and basic teaching principles. Prerequisite: acceptance for clinical education into an affiliated school of medical technology.

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