Board of Trustees Regulations
Approved: November 16, 2001
Section III: Academic Affairs
Subsection: A. Academic Freedom and Responsibility
In adopting the following statements concerning academic freedom and
responsibility, the Board of Trustees affirms that academic freedom should
not be abridged or abused and joins the numerous other organizations which
have endorsed such principles.
- Academic Freedom. Institutions
of higher education are conducted for the common good and not to further
the interest of either the individual faculty member or the institution
as a whole. The common good depends upon the free search for truth and
its free exposition. Academic freedom is essential to these purposes
and applies to both teaching and research. Freedom in research is fundamental
to the advancement of truth. Academic freedom in its teaching aspect
is fundamental for the protection of the rights of the faculty member
in teaching and of the student to freedom in learning. It carries with
it duties correlative with rights.
- The faculty member is entitled to full freedom
in research and in the publication of the results, subject to the
adequate performance of his/her other academic duties; but research
for pecuniary return should be based upon an understanding with
the authorities of the institution.
- The faculty member is entitled to freedom in
the classroom in discussing his/her subject, but he/she should be
careful not to introduce into his/her teaching controversial matter
which has no relation to his/her subject.
- The faculty member is a citizen, a member of
a learned profession, and an officer of an educational institution.
When he/she speaks or writes as a citizen, he/she should be free
from institutional censorship or discipline, but his/her special
position in the community imposes special obligations. As a person
of learning and an educational ,representative, he/she should remember
that the public may judge his/her profession and his/her institution
by his/her utterances. Hence he/she should at all times be accurate,
should exercise appropriate restraint, should show respect for the
opinions of others, and should make every effort to indicate that
he/she is not an institutional spokesperson.
- Academic Responsibility. Membership
in the academic community imposes on students, faculty members, and
administrators an obligation to respect the dignity of others, to acknowledge
their right to express differing opinions, and to foster and defend
intellectual honesty, freedom of inquiry and instruction, and expression
on and off campus. The expression of dissent and the attempt to produce
change, therefore, may not be carried out in ways which injure individuals
or damage institutional facilities or disrupt the classes of one's teachers
or colleagues. Speakers on campus must not only be protected from violence,
but given an opportunity to be heard. Those who seek to call attention
to grievances must not do so in ways that significantly impede the functions
of the institution. Students are entitled to an atmosphere conducive
to learning and to even-handed treatment in all aspects of the teacher-student
relationship. Faculty members may not refuse to enroll or teach students
on the grounds of their beliefs or the possible uses to which they may
put the knowledge to be gained in a course. Students should not be forced
by the authority inherent in the instructional role to make particular
personal choices as to political action or their own part of society.
Evaluation of students and the award of credit must be based on academic
performance professionally judged and not on matters irrelevant to that
performance, whether personality, race, religion, gender, national origin,
sexual orientation, degree of political activism, or personal beliefs.
It is the faculty members' mastery of their subjects and their own scholarship
which entitle them to their classrooms and to freedom in the presentation
of their subjects. Thus, it is improper for faculty members persistently
to intrude material which has no relation to their subjects, or to fail
to present the subject matter of their course as announced to their
students and as approved by the faculty in their collective responsibility
for the curriculum.
Because academic freedom has traditionally included the faculty member's
full freedom as a citizen, most faculty members face no insoluble conflicts
between the claims of politics, social action, and conscience, on the
one hand, and the claims and expectations of their students, colleagues,
and institutions, on the other. If such conflicts become acute, and
the faculty members' attention to their obligations as citizens and
moral agents precludes the fulfillment of substantial academic obligations,
they cannot escape the responsibility of that choice, but should either
request leaves of absence or resign their academic positions.