Pre-Contact Illinois
I Ice Age
Illinoisan Glacier
Wisconsinan Glacier
II Evolving Landscape
A) Soil and Minerals
Loess, Coal, Construction Materials
B) Prairie State before Europeans
Big Bluestem
III First Peoples of Illinois
A) Paleo-Indians
Clovis
B) Archaic Indians
Tools, Village Life, Burial Practices, Mounds
C) Woodland Period
People, Environment, Farming, Material Culture, Pottery, Celt, Hunting and Gathering, Settlements and Society, Ritual, Trade, Transportation
D) Mississippian
Society, Kincaid Site, Bridges Site, Economy and Trade, Technology, Construction, Tools, Pottery, Arrow Points, Knives, Symbolism
E) Cahokia
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Native Americans
and French and British Colonial Development
I Late Prehistoric Indians in Illinois
A) Oneota
B Environment
Little Ice Age
C) Economy
Agriculture
D) Material Culture
Gorgets, Copper, Fish Lures, Pottery
E) Settlements
II Early Historic Illinois
A) Illinois Count and Its Native American Inhabitants
Illinois or Illiniwek, Miamis, Miami-Illinois, Material Culture, Tattoos, Economy
B) French and Illinois Country
New France, Louisiana, Riverine Empire
C) First Official French Exploration
Louis Jolliet, Jacques Marquette, Piasa Bird
D) La Salle and Tonti
E) French Settlers
Cahokia, Kaskaskia, American Bottom, French Long Lots
F) French and Indian War (1754-63)
III British in Illinois
A) Proclamation of 1763
B) Pontiac’s Uprising
C) British Fortify their Presence
Captain Thomas Stirling, Quebec Act of 1774
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An American Frontier
to an Agrarian State
I Illinois and the American Revolution
A) George Rogers Clark and the American Bottom
Kaskaskia, Captain Joseph Bowman
B) The Fight for Vincennes
Father Pierre Gibault, Lieutenant Henry Hamilton, Francois Vigo
II Territorial Phase
A) The Northwest Territory
Land Ordinance Act (1785), Northwest Ordinance (1787), Arthur St. Clair, Slavery, Intercourse Act (1790), Little Turtle, Battle of Fallen Timbers, Treaty of Greenville (1795)
B) A Territory of Indiana
C) Territory of Illinois
Jesse B. Thomas, Ninian Edwards, Squatters
D) Conflicts with Native Americans and the War
of 1812
Tecumseh, “The Prophet,” Illini, Kickapoo, Potawatomi, Winnebago, Captain Nathan Heald, John Kinzie, Fort Dearborn Massacre.
E) Motivating Settlers to Settle the Territories
Military Tract
III Early Statehood
A) Becoming a State
Daniel Pope Cook, Nathaniel Pope
B) The First Illinois Constitution
Shadrach Bond
C) Early State Government
Legislature, Taxes, Vandalia
D) Slavery in Illinois
Indentured servitude, Black Laws, Edward Coles
E) Early Southern Settlers of the State
F) Black Hawk’s War
Fox and Keokuk, “Battle of Bad Axe”
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“The Mormon Experience
And Controversy in Illinois”
I Background History of Illinois and Western Illinois
A) Population and Settlement in Western Illinois
B) Economy and Transportation
C) Political Organization
Democrats and Whigs
D) Violence
“Regulators,” Elijah Lovejoy, Haun’s Mill massacre
E) Newspapers
Quincy Whig, Warsaw Signal, Thomas Sharp, Times and Seasons, The Wasp, Nauvoo Neighbor
II Mormonism, Reform, and Utopianism
A) Joseph Smith and the Early Church
Book of Mormon.
B) Reform and Utopianism
III Establishing Zion in the West
A) Missouri
B) Conflict
Danites and Danitism, Governor Lillburn Boggs
IV Nauvoo and Mormonism
A) Founding Nauvoo
Charter of Incorporation for the City of Nauvoo, Nauvoo Legion, Stephen A. Douglas
B) Mormonism
Prophet, Chosen people, Baptism for the Dead, Celestial Marriage, Nauvoo Temple
C) Mormonism and Politics
Theocracy
V Points of Conflict with the Gentile Community
A) Political Conflicts
City Charter, Orrin P. Rockwell, Nauvoo Legion, William Smith
B) Religious and Social Conflict
John Bennett, Sangamo Journal
C) Fear of Joseph Smith
Wilson and William Law, Nauvoo Expositor
VI Death of Joseph Smith
Governor Ford, Carthage Greys
VII Mormon Exodus
“Mormon War,” Lima, John J. Hardin, Brigham Young, Battle of Nauvoo, Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Emma Smith
VIII Why the Mormon Exodus?
A) Legitimate Authority
“Wolf Hunt”
B) The Mormons After Joseph Smith
Sidney Rigdon, Joseph Smith III
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Mid-Century Illinois Politics
and the Civil War
I Illinois Politics
Public debt, Mexican-American War 1846-48, Battle of Buena Vista, Springfield
A) Constitution of 1848
Council of revision, Legislative session, Public projects, Banking, Voting, Property tax, Poll tax, Fixed salaries, Amending process
B) Public Education
Charles Hovey, Normal schools
C) Abraham Lincoln and the Rise of the Republican Party
Whigs, “Spot resolutions,” Stephen Douglas, Wilmot Proviso, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Popular sovereignty, “House divided” speech
D) Illinois and the Presidential Race of 1860
Republican convention
II War
A) Illinois Builds an Army
Cairo
B) Training Camps
Volunteers, Weapons
C) Serving in Combat
D) Early Campaigns
Ulysses S. Grant, “Unconditional Surrender” Grant
E) The War and Slavery
Lyman Trumball, Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation.
F) Vicksburg
III Home Front
A) Illinois’ Wartime Economy
B) Illinois Women
Jennie Hodges, Mary Ann Bickerdyke
C) Dissent in Illinois
Copperheads, Knights of the Golden Circle, Northwest Conspiracy
D) Failure of a Wartime Constitutional Convention
E) Lincoln’s Reelection and the End of the War
IV Constitution of 1870
Black Laws, Private bills, Voting, Regulating railroads
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Illinois and the Late 19th Century Labor Movement
I Background
A) Economic Changes
Great Chicago Fire of 1871
B) Why a Labor Movement?
II Workers
A) Immigrants
B) Native-born Whites
III Unions and Strikes
A) Labor Movement Overview
General Trades Assembly, Knights of Labor, Eight-Hour Leagues, Illinois State Federation of Labor
B) Panic of 1873
C) Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Gov. Shelby Cullom
D) Radicalism
Artisanal republicanism, Socialism, Socialist Labor Party, “Propaganda of the deed,” Central Labor Council
E) Haymarket
August Spies, “Revenge Circular,” Mayor Carter Harrison, Inspector John Bonfield, Judge Joseph Gary, State’s Attorney Julius Grinnell, Gov. Richard Oglesby George Schilling, Gov. John Altgeld
F) Pullman Strike
George Pullman, Economic crisis of 1893, American Railroad Union (ARU), Eugene V. Debs, Richard Olney, Edwin Walker, Mayor John Hopkins
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“Illinois: Problems and Reform”
I Illinois in the 1890s
A) Expansion
Population, Chicago, Downstate, Agriculture
B) World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893
Frederick Law Olmstead, Daniel Burnham, “Great White City,” George Washington Gale Ferris
II Poverty and the Social Worker
A) Away from the Bright Lights
William Stead, If Christ Came to Chicago
B) Jane Addams
Ellen Starr, Hull House, Julia Lathrop, Florence Kelley, Sweatshop Act of 1893, Alice Hamilton
III Corruption and Reform
A) Problems that Concern All
1. Water
2. Canned Food
Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (1906).
B) Political Corruption
1. City Corruption
“Machine” or “Boss” politics, John Coughlin, Michael Kenna, John Powers, Muckraking journalism
2. Civil Service Reform
“Spoils system,” Gov. Charles Deneen (1905-1913), Gov. Edward Dunne (1913-1917), John Fairlie, Gov. Frank Lowden (1917-1921), Civil Administrative Code of 1917
3. Legislative Corruption
17th Amendment, William Lorimer
IV Great Migration and Race Relations in Illinois
A) Leaving the South
Defender, Robert Abbott
B) Race Problems and Violence
1. Springfield 1908
2. Chicago 1919
C) Blacks in Illinois
Oscar De Priest
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"Illinois: Modernity, Crime, Depression, and a New Deal"
I Modernity
A) Hard Roads
Governor Frank Lowden (R, 1917-21), Governor Len Small (R, 1921-29)
B) Automobiles
C) Public Transportation
D) Rural Modernization
Telephone, Electricity.
II Crime
A) Violence
Chicago, Downstate, Gang Killings, Govt. Failure, Random Violence, Newspapers
B) Corruption
“Big Bill” Thompson”
C) Crime Circles
Al Capone, Italians, Criminal Syndicates
III Great Depression and the New Deal in Illinois
A) 1920s Prosperity
B) Depression’s Impact
Gov. Louis Emmerson (R, 1929-33)
C) Responding to the Great Depression
Illinois Emergency Relief Commission (IERC), Reconstruction Finance Corporation
D) Governor Henry Horner (D, 1933-40)
Communists, Sales Tax, Civilian Conservation Corps, Works Progress Administration
E) Labor Movement in Illinois (Two Examples)
Peabody Coal Company, United Mine Workers, John L. Lewis, Progressive Miners of America, Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC), Republic Steel, Memorial Day Demonstration.
F) “Century of Progress”
Thomas A. Edison Memorial Building, Transportation Building, Hollywood Sound Stage, Sky Ride
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Illinois at War
I Isolationism and Prewar Politics
Dwight H. Green (R, 1941-49), Robert R. McCormick, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Sun
II War
A) Recruitment and Training
Service members, Black soldiers, Colleges and universities
B) Military Centers
C) War Industries
Manufacturing companies, Women, African Americans, Enrico Fermi,
III Home Front in Illinois
A) Civil Defense
Illinois State Council of Defense
B) Financial Support for the War
War bonds, Drives
C) Food for the War Effort
“Victory gardens”
D) Recycling
E) USO and the Red Cross
United Service Organizations
F) Illinois Strikes
International Harvester Company, National Defense Mediation Board, Smith-Connally No-Strike Law, George P. McNear, Jr., Toledo, Peoria, and Western Railroad
G) Wartime Agriculture
Agricultural revolution, International Harvester Company, Deere and Company, Caterpillar Company of Peoria, Hybrid seed, Soybeans, Soil erosion
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Postwar Illinois
I Adjusting to Peace
A) Technology Leader
John Bardeen, Transistor, Argonne National Laboratory
B) Air Transportation
O’Hare
C) Consumerism and Suburbanization
Rolling Meadows, Kimball Hill, Leonard Besinger, Schools, Shopping malls
II Reforming Education
A) Primary Schools
B) High Schools
C) Community Colleges
GI Bill of Rights
D) Universities
III Postwar Politics
A) Adlai Stevenson (D, 1949-1953)
Centralia Mine, Gateway Amendment (1950), New Orient Coal Mine, Coal Mine Safety Act (1952)
B) Richard J. Daley and the Democratic Party
Independent Voters of Illinois, Republicans, Democratic legislators, Organized labor
C) The 1968 National Democratic Convention
1. Events Leading up the 1968 Convention Riots
National Mobilization Committee to End War in Vietnam, SDS, Tom Hayden, Jerry Rubin, Abbie Hoffman, YIPPIES, Hubert Humphrey
2. Attempts to Move the Convention from Chicago
Telephone strike
3. The Convention
"Peace plank"
4. The Riots
"Battle of Michigan Avenue," Daniel Walker
5. The Aftermath
"Chicago 8," Judge Julius Hoffman, William Kunstler
D) Civil Rights
Gov. William Stratton (R, 1953-61) Gov. Otto Kerner (D, 1961-68), Sen. Everett Dirksen, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Jesse Jackson, Coordinating Committee of Community Organizations, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Chicago Freedom Movement, Operation Breadbasket, People United to Save Humanity (PUSH)
E) ERA in Illinois
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), National Organization for Women (NOW), Gov. Richard Ogilvie (R, 1969-73), Phyllis Schlafly, “Stop ERA”
F) Constitution of 1970
1. Convention
2. Document