Economic News and Events

• Leaders of National Banks within the European Central Bank say that if the conflict in the Middle East continues, the monetary policy stance will be affected. Some recent price increases had exceeded what the baseline assumed. The leaders will have an official meeting on April 30 to discuss if changes need to be made. (Barwick, 2026)
• Europe’s data economy is very large despite a growing AI domination, but growth is being held back by fragmented General Data Protection Regulation enforcement, inconsistent national interpretations, and a difficult reform climate. (Markeviciute, 2026)
• For the first time in 11 years, the Japanese parliament passed their budget after the April 1 start of the fiscal year. The budget is 122.31 trillion yen ($767 billion). This budget will take Japan through next March. (Horiuchi, 2026)
• South Korean exports increased in March due to global chip demand. Exports rose 48.3% since last March. South Korean exporters rely on products from the Middle East, so exports are expected to decrease again. (Min Joo, 2026)

Political News and Events

• The European Public Prosecutor’s Office recommended lifting the immunity of 11 Greek lawmakers. This is to allow an investigation into their role in a farm aid fraud scandal in which Greek stockbreeders faked ownership of pastureland and livestock to receive financial aid from the EU. (Reuters, 2026)
• Moldova claims that if it is allowed to join the European Union, it can help protect the rest of the countries from Russia. The national security advisor of Moldova says they have hard-won knowledge and field-tested solutions to Russian hybrid threats. (Solletty, 2026)
• JFrench President Emmanuel Macron and South Korean President Lee Jae Myung met in South Korea to discuss boosted defense cooperation and working together to address the economic and energy crises caused by the war in Iran. (Kim & Lee, 2026)
• Min Aung Hlaing, who previously seized control of Myanmar in a 2021 coup, was elected the president. The civil war in Myanmar, which began in the 2021 coup, is still occurring. The president-elect has been a military leader since 2011, and he claims the president is a long-sought position for him. (Reuters, 2026)
• In a unanimous decision, Communist Party Secretary General To Lam was elected Vietnam’s new president. His term will last 5 years. The parliament also unanimously elected Le Minh Hung as the country’s new prime minister. (Vu et al., 2026)

Cultural News and Events

• After 5 months of work, the Parisian catacombs will reopen and provide a more immersive experience to visitors. The site now has ventilation, lighting, and electricity, which was difficult to add due to the limestone surrounding the catacombs. The wet environment poses a difficult obstacle that was overcome. (Liabot, 2026)
• During Holy Week, Pope Leo XIV emphasized the importance of peace. These appeals occurred during his numerous addresses throughout the week, finishing on Easter Sunday. The Pope claims that the Catholic God rejects war, and no one can use him to justify war. (de Carvalho & Giribaldi, 2026)
• Seville’s celebrations of Holy Week attracted visitors from all over Spain and beyond. The parades are a part of Spanish Catholic traditions, but even non-religious people report attending and being moved by the celebrations. Parades like this also occur in cities throughout Spain. (Marshall, 2026)
• The Phantom Rung Solar Phenomenon and Festival showcased ancient Khmer rituals, traditional performances, and the sunrise phenomenon that highlights the architecture of the Khmer Empire. At sunrise, the sun aligns with the 15 temple doorways, creating a visual experience mirroring the temple’s spiritual significance. (Travel and Tour World, 2026)
• Hong Kong has many art exhibitions, pop culture festivals, and sporting events scheduled for the month of April, including the 20th anniversary of Hong Kong Disneyland, rugby championships, concerts, and conventions. There are 59 scheduled events during the month of April. (Hong Kong Tourism Board, 2026)

Social News and Events

• Storm Erminio made its way to Greece, and has one confirmed kill there. The Saharan dust storm enveloped the island of Crete, flooding streets, closing schools, and mooring ferries. The sky turned red-orange as a result of the storm and residents are warned of long-lasting intense rains and storms. (Moench, 2026)
• Protests in Germany over the weekend called for an end to global conflicts. Thousands of people joined the protests in cities across the country and called for German governments to contribute to ending the conflicts diplomatically. (Knight, 2026)
• Public transportation workers in Belgium are planning a strike for April 7-10. The strike is in response to fresh austerity measures on top of a recent budget cut. If no agreement is reached during this time, unions warn that public transit will stop completely until one is reached. (Belgian Visas & Immigration Team, 2026)
• Two Filipino nationals have been killed in a missile attack in Israel since the initial U.S.-Israeli attack on Iran. No personal details about the victims have been released to the public. The Philippine Embassy in Tel Aviv is arranging for the remains to be sent back to family despite the tense travel situation in the region. (Rocamora, 2026)
• A joint platform of central trade unions observed April 1 as Black Day, staging a protest against the four labor codes implemented by the Indian government. The unions claim these codes are anti-worker and enacted without proper consultation. (The Economic Times, 2026)
• More than 6000 people attended a protest outside Tokyo’s Ikebukuro station against the government’s push to ease restrictions on arms exports and advance sweeping military expansion. According to the chair of the Japanese communist party, the constitution prohibits the country from waging war and using force to settle or participate in international conflicts. (Xinhua, 2026)

Economic News and Events

• In the 21 countries that share the euro currency, inflation jumped to 2.5% in March from the 1.9% a month earlier. This is the biggest monthly increase in inflation since late 2022. The European Central Bank is considering raising interest rates to prevent costs from being passed on to other goods and services. (Koranyl & Martinez, 2026)
• Gas prices in Europe have risen 70%, and storage is running low. The war in Iran has disrupted oil supplies worldwide. Underground gas storage is at 28.4%, whereas it is normally around 60% this time of year. (Cingari, 2026)
• The pound is currently the best-performing currency. The war in Iran has driven up inflation worldwide. However, Britain's dependence on imported gas makes it vulnerable, and the value is expected to continue to fall. It is currently at $1.324, after losing 1.67% in March. (Rebaudo, 2026)
• South Korea announced a 5 trillion won ($3.3 billion) emergency bond buyback, while the Philippines held a surprise policy meeting, preparing to act if inflation pressures worsen. Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr declared a state of national emergency. (Reuters, 2026)
• China’s economy is being pressured by the conflict in the Middle East. Policymakers must juggle rising inflation alongside slowing growth. The extent of the pressure is dependent on how long and severely the long drags on. (Yao & Zhang, 2026)
• Malaysia’s economy is set to grow faster than initially projected for 2026, despite trade interruptions and higher fuel prices. Bank Negara Malaysia’s expected growth rate went from 4-4.5% to 4-5%. This is supported by strong household spending and steady tourism. The Central Bank said that a prolonged war in the Middle East could pose risks to the economy. (Latiff & Azhar, 2026)

Political News and Events

• Polls show that Viktor Orban, Hungary's prime minister for 16 years, could lose the upcoming election. Orban is a member of Hungary’s right-wing conservative party. His opponent, Peter Magyar, is the founder of a center-right party that is gaining popularity among Millennials and Gen Z voters. (Than, 2026)
• Even the most loyal of the U.S.’s European allies are not inclined to support them in the war against Iran. Many European governments say they will not be involved in “a war which was initiated unilaterally and is against international law.” The U.S. is threatening consequences for refusal to support the war. (Jack, 2026)
• Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi had a series of phone calls with the leaders of the Philippines, Malaysia, and the Marshall Islands to form an international coalition to ensure safe navigation in the Strait of Hormuz. This is following their involvement in a U.K.-led statement condemning the blockage. Takaichi hopes to bring more nations into the coalition. (Japan Boosts Efforts for Multination Coalition to Ensure Safety in Strait of Hormuz, 2026)
• Pakistan has become a key mediator in the U.S.-Iran peace negotiations. Their relatively good relations with both countries mean that the longer the war goes on, the more it has at stake. (Ahmed & Castillo, 2026)

Cultural News and Events

• Former chief nursing officer for England, Sarah Mullally, was enthroned as the Archbishop of Canterbury. She is the first woman to serve as an archbishop in the Anglican church. She was the first female Bishop of London, appointed in 2018, just four years after the church began allowing women to hold this position. (Blackburn, 2026)
• Former Beatles member Paul McCartney announced his 18th solo album, entitled “The Boys of Dungeon Lane.” McCartney says the album will be about his childhood in Liverpool and his relationship with George Harrison and John Lennon before Beatlemania. The album is set to have 14 songs. (Mouriquand, 2026)
• A Russian court has banned the Oscar-winning documentary “Mr. Nobody Against Putin,” claiming the film promotes negative attitudes about the government and the war in Ukraine. The film is based on secretly recorded footage by a school teacher, who exposes how the Putin administration attempts to control public perception of the ongoing war in Ukraine. (Mouriquand et al., 2026)
• The popular European song competition Eurovision is heading to Asia. First announced in 2016, the Asian spin-off will hold its inaugural contest in Bangkok in November. Confirmed competitors include Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. (Mouriquand, 2026)
• The Edo-Tokyo Museum reopened on March 31 after a four-year closure to complete extensive renovations and install new collections. The museum covers 400 years of the city’s history. Still maintaining its traditional architecture, the museum has added modern updates to its infrastructure and exhibits, extending through the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. (Thu-Huong, 2026)

Social News and Events

• More than 20,000 people participated in “No Kings” rallies in cities across Europe on March 28, in addition to the millions who participated in the United States. Many were Americans living abroad, but plenty of protestors were European citizens protesting President Trump and his actions in the Middle East. (Davalou, 2026)
• Due to expected job cuts and class closures in the 2026 academic year, teachers in France protested. The inter-union coalition of teachers in France called for more resources and denounced the new budget, saying that it “ratifies an offensive against public schools.” The Ministry of Education says the strikes are due to falling pupil numbers. (Joubioux, 2026)
• The International Olympic Committee announced a new policy regarding transgender women in the Olympic Games. Starting in the 2028 Summer Games, eligibility for any female category in the Olympic and Paralympic Games or any IOC-sponsored event is now limited to biological females. A one-time SRY gene screening test will be performed on all athletes wanting to compete in a female sports category. (International Olympic Committee, 2026)
• A 23-year-old serving officer of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force broke into the Chinese embassy carrying a knife and threatening to harm Chinese diplomats. The Japanese National Police Agency says the incident is extremely unusual and serious. Japan and China are working to address the actions and prevent further ones. (Lee, 2026)
• Following the lead of other countries, Indonesia is set to enforce a social media ban for everyone under the age of 16. Meta’s new “Teen Accounts” will be implemented, TikTok will suspend all accounts for people under 16, Roblox will introduce communication controls that comply with the new regulations, and X will set a minimum age requirement for Indonesian accounts. (Budiman & Widianto, 2026)
• The U.N. Human Rights Council condemned North Korea’s systematic violations of its people’s human rights, adopting a resolution that seeks to hold the regime accountable. This resolution has the support of 50 countries. They will continue to cooperate with the international community to improve the human rights of North Koreans. (Choi, 2026)

Economic News and Events

• China’s leadership and regional analysts state that the economy remains on track to achieve its 2025 growth target of around 5%, despite property-sector weakness and deflationary pressures. Senior officials cite upgraded forecasts from institutions such as the World Bank, IMF, ADB and OECD, and argue that fiscal support and resilient exports will keep growth near target, while acknowledging the need to rebalance toward domestic consumption. Asian and China-focused outlets present China as a key driver of wider Asian growth, but also stress structural risks. (Global Times, 2025)
• Thailand recorded negative headline inflation for an eighth straight month in November 2025, with CPI down about 0.49% year-on-year, driven mainly by lower energy prices and targeted subsidies. Thai officials say severe southern flooding has had limited direct price impact so far, but economists and local commentators argue that prolonged deflation and disaster-related damage are increasing pressure on the Bank of Thailand to cut rates and on the government to add fiscal support. (Thai Newsroom, 2025)
• China’s customs data released on 8 December 2025 show that its goods trade surplus reached about US$1.076 trillion in the first 11 months of 2025, surpassing the previous full-year record from 2024. November exports grew 5.9% year-on-year, while imports rose about 1.9%, producing a monthly surplus of roughly US$111–112 billion. Reporting across Asian outlets notes that exports to the United States fell sharply but were more than offset by strong shipments to Europe, Southeast Asia, Africa and other markets, highlighting how Chinese manufacturers are rerouting trade to non-US destinations. Analysts quoted in these pieces say the record surplus underlines both China’s export competitiveness and concerns about weak domestic demand and rising trade frictions with partners such as the EU. (South China Morning Post, 2025)

Political News and Events

• Japan says Chinese J-15 fighters from the carrier Liaoning locked fire-control radar on Japan Air Self-Defense Force F-15s over international waters southeast of Okinawa, calling it a “dangerous” and “extremely regrettable” act and summoning China’s ambassador. Beijing rejects the claim and later publicizes radio-communication recordings to argue that its training was announced in advance and that Japanese aircraft “harassed” the exercise area. The episode has triggered warnings about miscalculation risks as both sides harden military postures in the East China Sea. (Anadolu Agency., 2025)
• On 4–5 December, India and Russia held their 23rd Annual Summit in New Delhi, reaffirming their “Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership.” Leaders highlighted plans to boost bilateral trade (including energy and fertilizers), expand defense co-production under Make in India, and explore mechanisms such as local-currency or digital-currency settlements to reduce exposure to Western sanctions. Indian government and media framing emphasize strategic autonomy and a multipolar Asian order. (DD News, 2025)
• Fighting along sections of the Thailand–Cambodia border in early December, including reported artillery exchanges and evacuations, prompted regional concern. Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim publicly called for restraint and stressed ASEAN’s role in preventing escalation, while Thai media covered emergency security measures and local displacement. Coverage across Southeast Asian outlets frames this as a test of regional crisis-management mechanisms. (Bangkok Post, 2025)

Cultural News and Events

• In Taipei on 10 December (Human Rights Day), Taiwan’s president presided over the Asia Democracy and Human Rights Award ceremony, where the Indonesian Legal Aid and Human Rights Association (PBHI) received the 2025 prize. Speeches by Taiwanese leaders and PBHI representatives framed the award as recognition of cross-border efforts to protect legal rights and resist democratic backsliding in Indonesia and the wider region, strengthening Taiwan’s image as a hub for Asian democratic advocacy. (Focus Taiwan / CNA. (2025))
• A widely discussed study reported by Hong Kong-based media finds that many Chinese born after 1990—despite greater economic security and “post-materialist” values—are less supportive of liberal democratic institutions than older cohorts. Surveyed young adults prioritize stability, national strength and economic opportunity, while still criticizing corruption and inequality. Commentators across the region note that this complicates long-held assumptions that rising incomes in China would automatically produce stronger demand for Western-style democracy. (South China Morning Post, 2025)

Social News and Events

• A policy paper from the Institute of South Asian Studies (NUS, Singapore) on 9 December analyzed Nepal’s situation after the large Gen-Z-led anti-corruption protests of September 2025. It notes that while physical damage and tourism disruption are significant, the bigger impact is on public expectations of jobs, fairness and accountability among young Nepalese. The piece argues that how the government responds—through reforms or repression—will shape social stability and democratic consolidation in the coming years. (Institute of South Asian Studies, 2025)
• Southern Thailand has faced severe flooding around Hat Yai in late November and early December, damaging homes, infrastructure and local businesses. On 7 December, Thailand’s prime minister set a 14-day target to complete clean-up and basic rehabilitation, promising support for affected families and tourism-dependent firms. Regional reporting connects the floods with broader questions about urban planning, climate resilience and support for vulnerable communities. (Bangkok Post, 2025)
• South Korean lawmakers and media are raising concern after new government data showed that more than 900 men have evaded mandatory military service in the past five years by failing to return from overseas trips. According to figures from the Military Manpower Administration cited in early December, a total of 3,127 cases of draft evasion were recorded from 2021 to October 2025, including 912 violations of overseas-travel rules, with most violators facing little or no punishment. The story has prompted debate inside South Korea about fairness in conscription, enforcement gaps, and social attitudes toward mandatory service among younger men. (Korea JoongAng Daily, 2025)

References

• Anadolu Agency. (2025, December 10). China, Japan dispute continues over air engagement amid jet radio clip release. Asia-Pacific section. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/china-japan-dispute-continues-over-air-engagement-amid-jet-radio-clip-release/3766906
• DD News / Prasar Bharati. (2025, December 5). India–Russia Annual Summit 2025: Strengthening strategic partnership in a multipolar world. https://ddnews.gov.in/en/india-russia-push-for-stronger-trade-connectivity-and-far-east-cooperation/
• Bangkok Post. (2025, December 8). Anwar calls for restraint as clashes spread. https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3152615/anwar-calls-for-restraint-as-clashes-spread
• Thai Newsroom. (2025, December 3). Thai inflation posts eighth straight negative reading in November. https://thainewsroom.com/2025/12/03/thai-inflation-posts-eighth-straight-negative-reading-in-november/
• Global Times. (2025, December 10). Multiple global institutions lift China’s GDP forecasts. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202512/1350250.shtml
• FocusTaiwan / CNA. (2025, December 10). Desire for freedom never fades: Indonesian human rights group honoured in Taiwan. https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202512100009
• South China Morning Post. (2025, December 10). China’s post-materialist generation says no to liberal democracy, confounds West. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3335861/chinas-post-materialist-generation-says-no-liberal-democracy-confounds-west
• Institute of South Asian Studies. (2025, December 9). Nepal’s quest for stability after the youth protest. National University of Singapore. https://www.isas.nus.edu.sg/papers/nepals-quest-for-stability-after-the-youth-protest/
• Bangkok Post. (2025, December 7). PM sets 14-day target for Hat Yai cleanup job. Bangkok Post. https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3151403/pm-sets-14day-target-for-hat-yai-cleanup-job
• Korea JoongAng Daily. (2025, December 7). More than 900 draft dodgers haven’t returned from overseas trips the past 5 years, sparking lawmaker concern. Korea JoongAng Daily. https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-12-07/national/socialAffairs/More-than-900-draft-dodgers-havent-returned-from-overseas-trips-the-past-5-years-sparking-lawmaker-concern/2471517
• South China Morning Post. (2025, December 8). China’s trade surplus tops record US$1 trillion, defying trade war uncertainty. https://www.scmp.com/economy/economic-indicators/article/3335551/chinas-exports-rebound-november-after-trade-war-thaw

Economic News and Events

• New estimates show euro-area inflation at about 2.2% in November, slightly above central bank targets and marginally higher than in October. Data indicate that energy prices continue to fall on an annual basis while services remain the main source of price pressure, keeping underlying inflation from declining more quickly. Analysts widely interpret the figures as supporting a pause in interest-rate cuts, with expectations that rates will stay on hold until inflation is more firmly anchored near target.(Bloomberg News 2025)
• Industrial and services surveys confirm diverging sectoral performance across the monetary union. Manufacturing activity contracted again in November, with new orders and export demand weakening and job cuts in factories accelerating at the fastest pace in several months. In contrast, services-sector indices were revised slightly higher, remaining comfortably above the 50 threshold that separates growth from contraction, highlighting that much of the current expansion is driven by services while industry lags, particularly in some of the largest economies.(Reuters, 2025) , (Trading Economics, 2025)
• A major national budget in Western Europe is another key economic event, with substantial tax increases designed to rebuild fiscal buffers and support public investment. Market coverage notes that currency and government-bond prices strengthened after the announcement, as investors judged that the fiscal stance provided additional medium-term space without signaling abrupt consolidation. Independent commentary also points to the risk that higher tax burdens could weigh on growth if not accompanied by strong productivity-enhancing reforms and investment in infrastructure, skills, and innovation.(Reuters, 2025)

Political News and Events

• Several European states intensify discussions on using frozen Russian state assets to support Ukraine, with debates over legality, burden-sharing, and political risk. Coverage notes that European institutions and governments are examining schemes to leverage more than €170–210 billion of immobilized Russian reserves to underpin loans or direct support, while some member states voice concerns about legal precedent and potential financial liabilities. Analyses emphasize that decisions on these assets have become a major political issue linking foreign policy, fiscal choices, and relations with partners such as the United States and other G7 members.​ (Reuters, 2025)
• European bodies and national governments work to strengthen and extend sanctions related to the Russia–Ukraine conflict, including measures targeting shipping, oil trading, and the so-called “shadow fleet.” Updates describe new or tightened designations on companies and individuals facilitating sanctions evasion, as well as steps to ensure that existing restrictions on Russian sovereign funds remain in place and are renewed unanimously. Commentary underlines that these decisions have become central to Europe’s broader political stance on security, deterrence, and long-term relations with Russia and Belarus.(Mayer Brown, 2025)
• A high-profile economic policy package in a major European country continues to generate political debate over tax levels, fiscal credibility, and institutional transparency. Reports highlight that the package raises the overall tax burden to historic highs in order to stabilize public finances, prompting discussion over its impact on growth, fairness, and investor confidence. The resignation of the national fiscal watchdog’s head, following the premature release of official forecasts, adds an institutional dimension to the debate about governance around budget processes.(Reuters, 2025)

Cultural News and Events

• Debates over how to use frozen Russian state assets for Ukraine carry a strong normative and cultural dimension, as they touch on Europe’s self-image as a defender of international law and solidarity. Commentaries and expert analyses explore whether redirecting immobilized reserves towards reconstruction and financial support would strengthen Europe’s moral authority or open difficult questions about legal precedent and property rights. These discussions highlight how decisions about financial instruments reflect broader values around accountability, justice, and responsibility in the aftermath of war.(Al Jazeera,2025)
• The decision to phase out imports of Russian gas and eventually Russian oil is presented as part of a wider redefinition of Europe’s economic and energy identity. Reports underline that the share of Russian gas in EU imports has fallen sharply since before the invasion of Ukraine and that a binding timeline to end remaining purchases by 2027 marks a deliberate break with previous patterns of dependence. Policymakers frame this shift as a cultural and strategic choice for energy independence and climate-aligned development, rather than just a short-term response to a crisis.(Euronews, 2025)
• Analyses of Europe’s longer-term growth and financial-stability prospects emphasize the need for structural adaptation and innovation, contributing to a broader narrative of a continent in transition. Institutional reviews note that households still benefit from relatively strong labor markets and higher real wages compared with previous years but also warn about vulnerabilities in corporate balance sheets and sovereign debt. Think-tank and market commentary describe Europe as moving toward a new model that balances green investment, digital transformation, and fiscal prudence, shaping public debates about what future prosperity should look like. (LBBW, 2025)

Social News and Events

• Shifts in energy supply away from Russian gas and toward alternative sources have social as well as macro-economic consequences. As the share of Russian gas in Europe’s imports falls from pre-war levels above 40% to low double-digits, energy systems become less exposed to geopolitical disruptions but still face challenges related to costs, infrastructure investment, and regional disparities. Analyses point out that policies to phase out Russian imports must be accompanied by measures to protect vulnerable households and maintain affordability, particularly in countries that historically relied more heavily on those supplies. (Euronews, 2025)
• Youth employment and social inclusion remain major concerns, with new initiatives launched in late November to address vulnerable young people not in education, employment, or training. A regional meeting held from 24–26 November focused on youth unemployment along the Danube corridor, highlighting that over 11% of young people aged 15–29 across the EU are in a NEET situation and discussing cross-border solutions in education, training, and local labor-market policies. Recent labor-market statistics show that youth unemployment in the EU and the euro area remains close to 15%, a rate that is stable compared with recent months but still significantly higher than overall unemployment, which raises concerns about long-term scarring and inequality among younger cohorts.(Center for the Study of Democracy, 2025)

References

• Reuters. (2025, November 26). EU urgently seeks agreement on using frozen Russian assets for Ukraine, as US touts other ideas. Reuters https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/eu-urgently-seeks-agreement-using-frozen-russian-assets-ukraine-us-touts-other-2025-11-26/
• Mayer Brown. (2025, November 26). Russia/Ukraine sanctions update – Month of November 2025. https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/insights/publications/2025/11/russiaukraine-sanctions-update-month-of-november-2025​
• Reuters. (2025, November 25). UK’s Reeves raises tax burden to post-war high to shore up finances. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/uks-reeves-test-faith-investors-party-with-tax-heavy-budget-2025-11-25/
• Reuters. (2025, November 26). Instant view: Sterling, UK bond prices rise as Reeves’ budget delivers more headroom. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/view-sterling-uk-bond-prices-rise-reeves-budget-delivers-more-headroom-2025-11-26/
• Reuters. (2025, December 1). Euro zone factory activity contracts in November, job cuts accelerate, PMI shows. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/euro-zone-factory-activity-contracts-november-job-cuts-accelerate-pmi-shows-2025-12-01/
• Trading Economics. (2025, December 2). Eurozone services PMI revised slightly higher. https://tradingeconomics.com/euro-area/services-pmi/news/506993
• Bloomberg News. (2025, December 2). Euro-zone inflation edges higher, backing steady ECB rates. Bloomberg https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-12-02/euro-zone-inflation-edges-higher-backing-steady-ecb-rates
• Al Jazeera. (2025, December 2). Europe should seize Russia’s frozen assets now. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2025/12/2/europe-should-seize-russias-frozen-assets-now
• Euronews. (2025, December 3). EU lawmakers backed end of Russian gas imports by 2027. https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/12/03/eu-lawmakers-agree-to-ban-russian-gas-imports-by-2027
• Center for the Study of Democracy. (2025). Creating solutions to vulnerable youth unemployment across the Danube [Conference]. https://csd.eu/events/event/creating-solutions-to-vulnerable-youth-unemployment-across-the-danube/
• LBBW. (2025, November 25). Geopolitics: Power and economic structures in transition (2026 annual outlook). Landesbank Baden-Württemberg. https://www.lbbw.de/article/news-and-assesments/2026-annual-outlook-geopolitics_ak1gtf1f7z_e.html