Dr.
Jeanette Thomas:
Marine Mammology Class Resource Guide
Developed by
Charisse Coulombe
Professional
Societies Research Zoos and
Aquariums Job Info Oceanic
Polar Bear Otters Seals
Walrus Manatee Whaling
Whales Other
Marine Mammals
Professional Societies Resources
American Cetacean Society
American Society of Mammologists
Animal Behavior Society
European Association for Aquatic Mammals
International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine
International Marine Animal Trainer's Association
Seal Conservation Society
Society of Marine Mammalogy
Marine Mammal Research Resources
Atlantic Dolphin Research Cooperative
Cascadia Research
Center for Applied Coastal Research
Center for Coastal Studies
Center for International Environmental Law
Center for Marine Conservation
Center for Oceanic Research and Education
Cetacean Behavior Laboratory, San Diego State University
Cetacean Research Unit, Gloucester, Massachusetts
Coastal Ecosystems Research Foundation
Coastal Research and Education Society of Long Island
Dolphin Institute
Dolphin Research Institute
The Ecology Communications
Hawaii Whale Research Foundation
Huntsman Marine Science Centre
Institute of Cetacean Research
Intersea Foundation
Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii
Marine Biological Laboratory (Wood's Hole)
Marine Environmental Research Institute
Marine Law Institute, University of Maine
Marine Mammal Protection Act
Marine Science Institute, Redwood City, CA
Mote Marine Laboratory
National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska
Ocean Alliance
Ocean Mammal Institute
Oceanic Marine Mammal Research Foundation
Oregon Sea Grant
Pacific Cetacean Group
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
Satellite Oceanography Laboratory
Scripps Institute of Oceanography
Sea Mammal Ecology Group - La Trobe University
Southern California Marine Institute
Texas A&M University at Galveston - Marine Mammal Research Program
West Coast National Polar Regions Undersea Research Center
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
World Conservation Monitoring Center
Zoos and Aquariums Home Page Resources
Alaska Sea Life Center
Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums
Atlanta Zoo
American Zoos and Aquariums Association
Australia Zoo, Queensland, Australia
Bermuda Aquarium
Birmingham Zoo, Alabama
Bristol Zoo - UK
Bronx Zoo, New York
Brookfield Zoo, Illinois
Calgary Zoo, Alberta, Canada
California Association of Zoos and Aquariums
Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado
Cincinnati Zoo, Ohio
Clearwater Marine Aquarium
Cleveland Metropolitan Zoo, Ohio
Colchester Zoo - UK
Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, Ohio
Coral World International - Marine Parks Worldwide
Denver Zoo, Colorado
Dolphin Encounters Bahamas
Dolphin Quest
Enoshima Aquarium Japan Unofficial Site (English)
Enoshima Aquarium Japan Offical Site (Japenese)
Florida Aquarium
Henry Dorley Zoo, Omaha Nebraska
Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago Illinois
Little Rock Zoo, Arkansas
London Aquarium
Marineland of New Zealand
Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk
Memphis Zoo, Tennessee
Micke Grove Zoo of California
Minnesota Aquarium
Mystic Aquarium, Washington
National Aquarium of Baltimore, Maryland
National Marine Aquarium, Plymouth, UK
New England Aquarium, Boston, Massachusetts
Newport Aquarium
North Carolina Zoological Park
Ocean Journey, Colorado
Ocean Park, Hong Kong
Oceans of Fun, Milwaukee Wisconsin
Oregon Coast Aquarium - Newport
Oregon Zoo, Portland, Oregon
Philadelphia Zoo, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh Zoo, Pennsylvania
San Antonio Zoo, Texas
San Diego Zoo, California
San Francisco Zoo, California
Seattle Aquarium, Washington
Sedgwick County Zoo, Kansas
Shedd Aquarium, Chicago Illinois
South Carolina Aquarium
St. Croix Aquarium
St. Louis Zoo, Missouri
Sydney Aquarium, Australia
Tennessee Aquarium
Toledo Zoo, Ohio
Toronto Zoo, Canada
Two Oceans Aquarium, Cape Town Africa
Vancouver Aquarium, British Columbia Canada
Victoria Australia's 3 Zoos
Waikiki Aquarium, Hawaii
Marine Mammal Job Resources
College View Campus
Council of Undergraduate Research
Dalhousie University Department of Oceanography
Envorinmental Education
Graduate School Search
Green Volunteers
International Colleges and Universities Links
Marine Careers Site
National Academy of Science
Oceanlink
Oregon State University College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
Peterson's Education Center
Sea World
Society of Marine Mammology Florida Student Group
The Source Resource, listing of Wildlife Contact Information
Southwest Texas State University, Edwards Aquifier Research and Data Center
Stanford University: Careers in Marine Biology and Oceanography
Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography
University of Colorado Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
University of Oulu College and University Listing
University of Washington College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences
US News Education
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Western Illinois University Biology Graduate Program
Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies
Oceanic Resources
Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate
Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate: ATOC's Marine Mammal Research Program
American Coastal Coalition
The Bridge, Resource for Marine Education
California Ocean Resource Program
California Ocean Resources Report
Center for Applied Coastal Research
Climatological Atlas of the World's Oceans
Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division, from NMFS
Coastal Management Web
Dalhousie University Marine Affairs Program
Great Lakes Information Network
Hawaii Ocean Resource
Institute of Marine Biology of Crete
International Association for Physical Sciences of Oceans
International Ocean Institute
National Geophysical Data Center
National Marine Fisheries Services
National Marine Fisheries Statistics and Economics
National Marine Mammal Laboratory Education
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
NOAA Education Resources
NOAA Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
National Oceanographic Data Center
Nautical Charts from National Ocean Service
Oceanographic and Earth Science Institutions Directory
Oceanography Information Services
Oregon Coast Geospatial Clearinghouse
Prince William Sound Science Center
Smithsonian Institution's Ocean Planet Exhibit
Sustainable Ecosystems Institute
Tide Predictions in United States
WWW Virtual Library: Oceanography
Carnivora, Fissipedia, Ursidae Resources
Polar Bear Resources, Ursus maritimus
Canadian Wildlife Services
Polar Bear Alive
Polar Bear Web Fan Club
Polar Bear FAQ
Sea World
State of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
The Bear Den
World Wildlife Federation
Carnivora, Fissipedia, Mustelidae Resources
River OtterMarine OtterGiant OtterSea Otter
River Otter Resources, Lutra canadensis
Enchanted Learning
Nebraska
Oakland Zoo
Otter Net
State of Alaska
Marine Otter Resources, Lutra felina
Otter Net
Giant Otter Resources, Lutra Brasiliensis
Otter Net
Sea Otter Resources, Enhydra lutris
International Otter Survival Fund
Otter Project
Southern Sea Otter Campaign
State of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
Seals Resources
Estimated Annual Pinniped Bycatch by Species
National Aquarium of Baltimore
North Canada
Pinniped Rescue and Rehab - Seal Conservation Society
Seal Conservation Society
World Wildlife Federation
Fur Seals and Sea Lions Resources
California Sea Lion New
Zealand Fur Seal Northern Fur Seal Stellar
Sea Lion
- Marine Mammal Center of
California Sea Lion Facts
- California Sea Lion Resources, Zalophus
californianus
The Big
Zoo
Distribution, Abundancy
EPA
Environmental Assessment on Salmon
Marine Mammal Care Center
at Fort MacArthur
Marine Mammal Center of
California
Ocean Oasis
Sea World
Whale Time Facts
- New Zealand Fur Seal Resources,
Arctocephalus forsteri
- Tazmania Parks and
Wildlife Services
- Northern Fur Seal Resources, Callorhinus
ursinus
Marine Mammal Care Center
at Fort MacArthur
- State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
- Stellar Sea Lion Resources, Eumetopias
jubatus
Bibliography
from NOAA
California Marine Mammal
Center
- State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
- True Seals Resources
Antarctic Seals Bearded
Seals Elephant Seals Harbor
Seals Harp Seals Hawaiian
Monk Seals Hooded Seals Leopard
Seals Mediterranean Monk Seals
Ribbon Seals Ringed Seals
- Antarctic Seals Resources
- Antarctic Project
- Bearded Seals Resources, Erignathus
barbatus
- State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
- North
Canada
Whale Time Facts
- Elephant Seals Resources, Mirounga
leonina and Mirounga angustirostris
Marine Mammal Care Center
at Fort MacArthur
Sound and Behavior
Whale Time Facts
- Harbor Seals Resources, Phoca
vitulina
- Marine Mammal Care Center
at Fort MacArthur
- Sea World
- State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
- Harp Seal Resources, Phoca
groeniandica
- North
Canada
Whale Time Facts
- Hawaiian Monk Seals
Resources, Monachus schauinslandi
- Animal
Info
- Hawaii State
Department of Education
- Hooded Seal Resources, Cystophora
cristata
- New England
Aquarium
- Leopard Seal Resources, Hydrurga
leptonyx
- Whale Times
- Mediterranean Monk Seal
Resources, Monachus monachus
- Nature Canada
Animal
Info
- Monk Seal Resources
Monachus Guardian
- Ribbon Seals Resources, Phoca
fasciata
- State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
- Ringed Seals Resources, Phoca
hispida
- North
Canada
- State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
Walrus Resources, Odobenidae rosmarus
Sea World
State of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
Whale Time Facts
Manatee Resources
Amazon Ox Manatee Florida
Manatee
Manatee World.Net
Marine Mammal Center More Manatee
Facts
National Aquarium
of Baltimore
Save the Manatee Club
Sea World
Selected References
on Sirenia
- Amazon Ox Manatee Resources, Trichechus
inunguis
**University
of Michigan
- Florida Manatee Resources, Trichechus
manatus latirostris
Brian of a Florida Manatee
Whaling Resources
International Whaling Commission Home Page
High North Alliance
Japan Whaling Association
Stop Whaling Now
West Coast Anti-Whaling Society
Whaling Library
All Whales Resources
ArchaeocetiMysticetesOdontoceti
National Aquarium of Baltimore
Whale Center of New England
Whalenet
World Wildlife Federation
- Archaeoceti Resources
Zoom
Whale
- Mysticetes Resources
Sea World
Zoom
Whale
- Balaenidae Bowhead
Whales Right Whales
- Bowhead Whale Resources, Balena
mysticetus
American Cetacean
Society
Arctic
Species
CETACEA
National Park Service
State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
Zoom
Whale
- Right Whale Resources
Cabrillo
Aquarium
Discovering Whales
Rescuing the Right
Right
Whale Bibliography
University
of Southern Florida
Zoom
Whale
- Northern Right Whale Resources, Eubalaena
glacialis
- Animal
Info
CETACEA
- East Coast
Ecosystems Research Organizations
- National Marine Sanctuaries
- Office
of Naval Research Monitoring Program
- State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
- University
of Michigan
- Southern Right Whale Resources, Eubalaena
australis
- Antarctic
Resources
- CETACEA
- ORRCA - Australia Marine
Rescue
- Tasmania Parks and
Wildlife Service Threatened Species
- University
of Michigan
- Balaenopteridae Blue Whale Bryde
Whale Fin Whale Humpback Whale
Minke Whale Sei Whale
- Blue Whale Resources, Balaenoptera
musculus
American Cetacean
Society
Animal
Info
Blue Whale
Vocalizations from NOAA
California Marine Mammal Center
CETACEA
Discovering Whales
Hebridean Whale and
Dolphin Trust
State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
University
of Michigan
Whale Time Facts
- Bryde Whale Resources, Balaenoptera
edeni
CETACEA
Discovering
Whales - Brydes Index
Hebridean Whale and
Dolphin Trust
University
of Michigan
- Fin Whale Resources, Balaenoptera
physalus
American Cetacean
Society
Canadian
Museum of Nature
CETACEA
Discovering
Whales
Hebridean Whale and
Dolphin Trust
Texas
Marine Mammal Stranding Network
University
of Michigan
Whale
Net Bibliography
- Humpback Whale Resources, Megaptera
novaeangliae
American Cetacean
Society
Animal
Info
California Marine Mammal Center
CETACEA
Discovering
Whales
Discovery
Channel
Hawaii
State Department of Education
Hawaii Whale Research
Foundation
Hawaiian
Islands National Marine Sanctuary
Hebridean Whale and
Dolphin Trust
Humpback Whale Song
(NMFS)
National
Aquarium of Baltimore
Nature
State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
University
of Michigan
Virtual Whale
Project
Zoom
Whale
- Minke Whale Resources, Balaenoptera
acutorostrata
CETACEA
Discovering
Whales
Hebridean Whale and
Dolphin Trust
University
of Michigan
Zoom
Whale
- Sei Whale Resources, Balaenoptera
borealis
Antarctica
Encyclopedia
Canada Nature
CETACEA
Discovering
Whales
Hebridean Whale and
Dolphin Trust
NOAA Information
University
of Michigan
Eschrichtiidae
- Gray Whale Resources, Eschrichtius robustus
American Cetacean
Society
California Marine Mammal Center
CETACEA
Discovering
Gray Whales
In the
Wild - Vanishing
State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
University
of Michigan
Whale Time Facts
Zoom
Whale
Neobalaenidae
- Pygmy Right Whale Resources, Caperae marginata
CETACEA
University
of Michigan
- Odontoceti Resources
Enchanted
Learning
Cetacea, Odontoceti, Platanistidae
- River Dolphin Resources Amazon
Ganges Indus Yangtze
Save the Whales
- Amazon River Dolphin, Inia
geoffrensis
CETACEA
ISPTR/PARD Tropical Rainforest
Texas Marine
Mammal Stranding Network
The
Pink Dolphin of the Amazon Home Page
University
of Michigan
Virtual Explorers
Whale Time Facts
- Ganges River Dolphin, Platanista
gangetica
Animal
Info
CETACEA
University
of Michigan
- Indus River Dolphin Resources Plananista
minor
Animal
Info
CETACEA
Endangered
Species
- Yangtze River Dolphin
Resources, Lipotes vexillifer
Animal
Info
CETACEA
Three
Gorges
Whales on the
Net
Phocoenidae
Porpoise Resources Dall's
Harbor Finless Burmeister's
California Marine Mammal
Center
Burmeister's Porpoise, Phocoena
spinnipinnis
CETACEA
University
of Michigan
Dall's Porpoise Resources, Phocoenoides
dalli
British
Columbia Adventures
CETACEA
Reactions to
Tagging Attempts
University
of Michigan
US
Department of Commerce
Harbor Porpoise, Phocoena
phocoena
Fact Sheet
Marine Mammal
Stranding Center of New Jersey
Save the Whales
University
of Michigan
Whale Times Facts
WhaleNet
Duke University
Finless Porpoise, Neophocaena
phocaenoides
CETACEA
University
of Michigan
Physeteridae Sperm
Dwarf Sperm Pygmy Sperm
- Sperm Whale Resources, Physeter
macrocephalus
American
Cetacean Society
CETACEA
Discovering
Whales
International Fund for Animal
Welfare
Nature
Nature: Moby Dick
NOAA
Texas Marine Mammal
Stranding Network
Zoom
Whale
- Dwarf Sperm Whale Resources, Kogia
simus
CETACEA
University
of Michigan
- Pygmy Sperm Whale Resources, Kogia
breviceps
CETACEA
Texas Marine Mammal
Stranding Network
University of
California at San Diego
University
of Michigan
Ziphiidae
- Beaked Whale Resources
Whale Time Facts
- Andrews' Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
bowdoini
CETACEA
- Arnoux's Beaked Whale Resources, Beradius
arnuxii
CETACEA
- Baird's Beaked Whale Resources, Beradius
bairdii
CETACEA
Discovering
Whales
The Evergreen
Project
University
of Michigan
World
Conservation Monitoring Centre
- Bahamonde's Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
bahamondi
CETACEA
- Blainville's Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
densirostris
CETACEA
Texas
Marine Mammal Stranding Network
University
of Michigan
- Cuvier's Beaked Whale Resources, Ziphius
cavirostris
CETACEA
Mammals of Texas
University
of Michigan
US
Department of Interior
- Gervais' Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
europaeus
CETACEA
Mammals of Texas
- Gingko-Toothed Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
ginkgodens
University
of Michigan
- Gray's Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
grayi
CETACEA
- Hector's Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
hectori
CETACEA
- Hubb's Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
carlhubbsi
CETACEA
- Lesser Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
peruvianus
CETACEA
- Longman's Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
pacificus
CETACEA
- Shepherd's Beaked Whale Resources, Tasmacetus
sherpherdi
CETACEA
University
of Michigan
- Sowerby's Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
bidens
CETACEA
- Stejneger's Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
stejnegeri
CETACEA
University
of Michigan
- Straptoothed Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
layardii
CETACEA
- True's Beaked Whale Resources, Mesoplodon
mirus
CETACEA
Texas Marine
Mammal Stranding Network
- Unidentified Beaked Whale, Mesoplodon
'species A'
CETACEA
- Monodontidae Beluga
Narwhal
- Beluga Resources, Delphinapterus
leucas
Beluga
Whale Tagging - NOAA
Canada
Resources
Cabrillo
Aquarium
CETACEA
Discovering
Whales
The Evergreen
Project
Hebridean Whale and
Dolphin Trust
National
Aquarium of Baltimore
Sea World
Shedd Aquarium
Smithsonian
Institute
State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
University
of Michigan
University of
Virginia Museum
Zoom
Whales
- Narwhal Resources, Monodon
monoceros
CETACEA
Discovering
Whales
Sea World
University
of Michigan
Zoom
Whale
- Delphinidae
- Dolphin Resources Atlantic
White-Sided Bottlenose Commerson's
Common Dusky
Fraser's False Killer Whale
Hourglass Killer Whale Northern
Bottlenose Whale
Northern Right Whale Dolphin Pacific
White-Sided Dolphin Pygmy Killer Whale Risso's
Southern Right Whale Dolphin Spinner
Spotted Striped White
Beaked Dolphin
Hawaii
State Department of Education
National
Aquarium of Baltimore
- Atlantic White-Sided
Dolphin Resources, Lagenorhynchus
CETACEA
Hebridean Whale
and Dolphin Trust
University
of Michigan
- Bottlenose Dolphin
Resources, Tursiops truncatus
American
Cetacean Society
CETACEA
Hebridean Whale
and Dolphin Trust
Mammals of
Texas
Marine
Mammal Stranding Center of New Jersey
Sea
World
Sea
World Animal Bytes
University
of Michigan
Zoom
Whale
- Commerson's Dolphin
Resources, Cephalorhynchus commersons
University
of Michigan
- Common Dolphin Resources, Delphinus
delphis
American
Cetacean Society
CETACEA
Hebridean Whale
and Dolphin Trust
University
of Michigan
- Dusky Dolphin Resources, Lagenorhynchus
obscurus
CETACEA
NBC Internet
University
of Michigan
- Fraser's Dolphin
Resources, Lagenodelphis hosei
CETACEA
Texas Marine
Mammal Stranding Network
University
of Michigan
- False Killer Whale
Resources, Pseudorca crassidens
Hebridean Whale
and Dolphin Trust
Mammals of
Texas
University
of Michigan
- Hourglass Dolphin
Resources, Lagenorhynchus cruciger
Whale Time Facts
- Killer Whale Resources, Orcinus
orca
British
Columbia Adventures
California Marine Mammal
Center
Discovering
Whales
Hebridean Whale
and Dolphin Trust
Orca FM
Sea
World
Sea
World Animal Bytes
State
of Alaska Department of Fish and Games
University
of Michigan
Whale
Song
Whale Time Facts
Zoom
Whale
- Northern Bottlenose
Whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus, Southern Bottlenose Whale, Hyperoodon
planiforms
CETACEA - Northern
CETACEA - Southern
The
Evergreen Project
Hebridean Whale
and Dolphin Trust
High
North
University
of Michigan
Whale Time Facts -
Northern and Southern
- Northern Right Whale
Dolphin Resources, Lissodelphis borealis
- University
of California, San Diego
- University
of Michigan
- Pacific White Sided Dolphin
Resources, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
British
Columbia Adventure
CETACEA
CINMS
Interactions
with Harbor Porpoise
Shedd
Aquarium
Status in
Canada
University of San
Diego
- Pilot Whale Resources, Globicephala
melaena
Cabrillo
Aquarium
Newfoundland
and Labrador
University
of Michigan
- Pygmy Killer Whale
Resources, Feresa attenuata
Mammals of
Texas
University
of Michigan
- Risso's Dolphin Resources, Grampus
griseus
CETACEA
Hebridean Whale
and Dolphin Trust
Thinkquest
University of
California at San Diego
University
of Michigan
- Southern Right Whale
Dolphin Resources, Lissodelphis peronii
**
- Australia
Environment
- Spinner Dolphin
Resources, Stenella longirostris
CETACEA
Maui
Mermaid School of Diving
University
of Michigan
- Spotted Dolphin
Resources, Stenella frontalis
CETACEA
Species Corner
University
of Michigan
Wild Dolphin Project
- Striped Dolphin
Resources, Stenella coeruleoalba
CETACEA
Hebridean Whale
and Dolphin Trust
University of
California at San Diego
University
of Michigan
- White-Beaked Dolphin
Resources, Lagenorhynchus albriostris
CETACEA
Hebridean Whale
and Dolphin Trust
University
of Michigan
- Other Resources
- African Marine Mammals
Animal Bioacoustics
Association for Behavior Analysis
Bioacoustics
Journal
Biological Sciences
Database - California Polytechnic State University
Blue Dolphin Alliance
Borror Laboratory of
Bioacoustics
British
Marine Life Study Society
British
Research Antarctica Whales and Seals
Caribbean
Stranding Network
Cincinnati Zoo
Walrus and Seals
Discovery Channel
Encyclopedia Smithsonian
Endangered Species Program,
from US Fish and Wildlife Services
Environmental Organizations
from Envirolink
Environmental Organizations
WebDirectory
European Cetacean Society
Florida Department of
Environmental Protection
Florida Marine Mammal Stranding
Gateway to Antarctica
Georgia
Marine Mammal Stranding Network
GPO Access, Federal
Register and Other Government Publications Online
High North Alliance
International Marinelife
Alliance
International Marine Mammal
Association
International Marine
Mammal Project
Louisiana Marine Mammal
Stranding Network
Marine Animal Lifeline -
Stranding Network of Maine
Marine Animal Rescue
Society
Marine
Mammal Protection Act Annual Report
Marine Mammal Stranding Center of New
Jersey
- National Council for Science and
the Environment
National
Marine Fisheries Services - Stock Assessment Reports by Species
National Geographic
Home Page
Nature Explorer
North Coast Marine
Mammal Center
PMEL/NMML
Whale Acoustic Project
Texas Marine Mammal Stranding
Network
Save Laguna San Ignacio
United States Fish and Wildlife
Services
United Nations Home Page
Venice Marine Mammal
Library
Virginia Marine
Science Museum Stranding Center
Whale and Dolphin Conservation
Society
Marine-L Listserv
MARMAM Listserv
DEEPSEA Listserv
ETHOLOGY Listserv
Mammal-L Listserv
VETMED-L Listserv
(Veterinary Medicine)
VETSTU-L Listserv
(Veterinary Students)
This Page Last Updated on March 17, 2001